Statistics of natural reverberation enable perceptual separation of sound and space

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2016

James Traer and Josh H. McDermott, Computational Audition Lab, MIT

Summary Audio Demos Figures IR Survey Code

Here we present a complete set of example stimuli used in the paper. Please use headphones for best results. (The reverberation of the room you are in may obscure some of the effects in the demos).

Contents

Example Impulse Responses

Room 1 (T=1.20s) Room 2 (T=0.51s)
Real-World IR With Early Reflections
Early Reflections Excised
Synthetic Impulse Responses
Temporal Variants Matched Exponential
Linear Matched Start
Linear Matched End
Time Reversed
Spectral Variants Generic Exponential
Inverted Spectral Dependence
Exaggerated
Reduced

Realism Discrimination Stimuli (Exp 1)

These are example trials similar to those used in Experiment 1. The task is to determine which of the two sounds has real reverberation (i.e. it was recorded in a real room) and which had synthetic reverberation applied digitally. In these examples the synthetic Impulse Response is always applied to the second sound . Note that the Inverted Spectral Dependence IR results in a more intelligible signal because the distortion of the Impulse Response is concentrated in very high and low frequency channels and the mid-range frequencies (where much speech structure resides) is relatively clean. The task is not to understand speech but to judge which recording has realistic reverberation.

IR source Speech source Synthetic source
Real-World IR with vs without Early Reflections
Temporal Variants Matched Exponential
Linear Matched Start
Linear Matched End
Time Reversed
Spectral Variants Generic Exponential
Inverted Spectral Dependence

Source Discrimination Stimuli (Exp 2)

These are example trials similar to those used in Experiment 2 (600ms). The task is to disregard the filter and judge which sound source is different from the other two. In these examples the outlier source is always last. To correctly identify the outlier source subjects must correctly judge the first and second sounds as being identical sources with different reverberation.

Example 1 Example 2 Example with
randomized source
Dry
Generic Exponential
Inverted Spectral Dependence
Linear Matched Start
Linear Matched End
Time Reversed

Impulse Response Discrimination Stimuli (Exp 2)

These are example trials similar to those used in Experiment 3. The task is to identify which of the three sounds has different reverberation from the other two. In these examples the outlier IR is always last. To correctly identify the outlier IR subjects must correctly judge the degree of reverberation present in each source.

Generic Exponential
Inverted Spectral Dependence
Linear Matched Start
Linear Matched End
Time Reversed